Osservatorio Parigi launches specialized Article 6 GPT ahead of COP28

Osservatorio Parigi Advances with Artificial Intelligence for the Climate

In our ongoing effort to improve access to technical and detailed information on COP negotiations, the Osservatorio Parigi is pleased to announce the development of a new GPT:Art. 6 of PA Expert, specifically designed to deepen your knowledge of Article 6 of the Paris Agreement.

This GPT, trained on the latest resolutions and discussions, represents a significant step forward in providing immediate and in-depth access to the complex dynamics of climate change negotiations.

Features and Applications of the New GPT

The template is designed to accurately and detailedly answer technical questions, such as those related to interoperability and appeal mechanisms. Can provide a detailed introduction on specific topics related to Article 6.

The model was trained with information obtained from theUNFCCC official website, as well as on the text of the Paris Agreement and on the subsequent most recent resolutions of COP26 (CMA3) and COP27 (CMA4) and the intermediate resolutions of the SBSTA during SB58, SB56, SB52-55.

Example: Interoperability

THIS:what can you tell me about interoperability under Art.6?

GPT: Interoperability under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement refers to the ability of diverse systems and organizations to work together (inter-operate) effectively within the framework of cooperative approaches and the mechanisms established by the Article. Specifically, Article 6 outlines three distinct mechanisms for international cooperation:

1. Article 6.2 establishes the framework for cooperative approaches involving internationally transferred mitigation outcomes (ITMOs). It allows Parties to meet their Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) through the transfer of mitigation outcomes between countries. Interoperability in this context involves the harmonization of diverse national systems for measuring, reporting, and verifying (MRV) emissions reductions, ensuring the integrity and environmental effectiveness of ITMOs, and avoiding double counting.
2. Article 6.4 sets up a mechanism to contribute to the mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions and support sustainable development (often compared to the Clean Development Mechanism under the Kyoto Protocol). Interoperability here involves the integration of this mechanism with national mitigation efforts and registries, ensuring consistent accounting and transparency.
3. Article 6.8 focuses on non-market approaches. While this does not directly involve trading of emission reductions, interoperability can relate to the coordination of various non-market approaches, ensuring consistency with broader goals of the Paris Agreement and integration with other climate action efforts.

Key interoperability aspects under Article 6 include:

• Consistency in Accounting: Ensuring that emissions reductions are not counted more than once (avoiding double counting) and that there’s a standardized approach to accounting for these reductions.
• Transparent Reporting: Developing common formats and procedures for reporting under Article 6 to ensure clarity and transparency in how countries are achieving their NDCs.
• Registry Systems: Establishing and integrating national and international registry systems for tracking ITMOs and other mechanisms.
• Technical Standards: Developing and agreeing on technical standards and methodologies for quantifying emissions reductions.
• Governance and Oversight: Establishing governance structures that ensure the environmental integrity of the mechanisms under Article 6 and align with the overall goals of the Paris Agreement.

Effective interoperability in the context of Article 6 is essential for maintaining the environmental integrity of international climate action, ensuring the credibility of emissions reductions, and fostering trust among Parties to the Paris Agreement.

THIS:Could you answer me in Italian? And could you cite some specific paragraphs of resolutions that address interoperability and how it is currently delineated?

GPT: Interoperability under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement is addressed in several ways, as illustrated in document FCCC/SBSTA/2022/L.12. Some key areas are highlighted here:

1. Review Guidelines(paragraph a): Guidelines for reviews are recommended as mentioned in paragraph 7 of Decision 2/CMA.3 and in Chapter V (Review) of the Annex to the same Decision. These guidelines include considerations for the Article 6 technical review team, aimed at minimizing the burden on the Parties and the Secretariat.
2. Options for Tables and Schemas(paragraph b): Options are proposed for tables and schedules that are simple and easy to use, allowing Parties to report the information required under Chapter IV (Reporting) of the Annex to Decision 2/CMA.3 and in accordance with chapter III (Corresponding adjustments) of the same annex.
3. Infrastructure and Records(paragraph c): Recommendations are provided regarding the infrastructure, including the guidance for the registries, the international registry, the Article 6 database and the centralized accounting and reporting platform, as mentioned in Chapter VI (Registration and tracking ) of the annex to Decision 2/CMA.3.
4. Connection between Registers(paragraph d): The connection between the registry for the mechanism established by Article 6, paragraph 4 of the Paris Agreement and the international registry is discussed.

These points highlight the importance of interoperability in reporting systems, registers and infrastructure to ensure effective implementation of Article 6, which includes cooperative approaches and market and non-market mechanisms for achieving emissions reduction and development objectives. sustainable.

THIS:Sorry, I’m not clear what the “centralized accounting platform” refers to. Could you explain it in 2 sentences and then also in a way that is understandable to a non-negotiator so that I can then explain it to my team?

GPT: The “centralized accounting platform” under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement is a system designed to record and track greenhouse gas emission reduction transactions, ensuring transparency and consistency in mitigation activities across the international.

Simple explanation: Imagine the platform as a large online registry where countries record their progress in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. This registry helps track who has done what and where they are in achieving global climate goals, ensuring each country is honest and clear about its contributions.

THIS:ok, clear. So what difference would there be compared to the international register and registers?

GPT: The difference between the “centralized accounting platform”, the “international registry” and the “national registries” under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement can be explained as follows:

1. Centralized Accounting Platform: This platform serves as a unified global system for tracking and recording international transactions related to greenhouse gas emission reductions. It serves as a central point of reference to ensure that all parties respect common rules and standards, promoting transparency and integrity in the context of international climate cooperation.
2. International Register: The international registry is specifically designed to manage and track transactions related to the market mechanisms defined in Article 6, such as ITMOs (Internationally Transferred Mitigation Outcomes). This register ensures that emissions reductions are properly accounted for and that there is no double counting. It is a tool focused on Article 6 market mechanisms.
3. National Registers: National registries are managed by each Party (country) and are used to document national actions and progress related to climate change mitigation, including details of transactions of ITMOs and other market and non-market mechanisms. They serve to track and report national activities within the framework of their Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs).

In summary, the centralized accounting platform provides a global and standardized framework, the international registry focuses on Article 6 market transactions, and the national registries document and track country-specific initiatives and progress.

As we can read from this example, the model has the underlying concepts and foundations on Article 6. However, when we go into more detail, it sometimes starts to struggle and confuse some concepts. In particular, the distinction between international registry, national registries and CARP platform as explained by the model is not entirely correct.

Furthermore, it is worth noting that interoperability was discussed at COP27 and no truly final conclusion was reached, so the topic is still open and being finalized.

Recommendations for Use

It is important to underline that, despite the model’s attempt at high accuracy, the information provided must always be verified and controlled. Artificial intelligence, however advanced, may not always be 100% in line with current reality, especially in very specific situations. Our GPT has been trained to avoid assumptions or inventions, sticking closely to available information and requesting clarification when in doubt. However, we always recommend a final verification of the information obtained.

Towards a Better Future with AI

We are already working to further improve this model, with the aim of launching an even more advanced version that can effectively assist civil society’s lobbying and negotiation efforts. This is an exciting step towards the responsible and innovative use of artificial intelligence to address the global challenges of climate change.

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